The wide sky enthroned on the Capitol, by whose witness oaths and cities stand.

Iuppiter, familiar in English as Jupiter, is the sky father and chief god of Roman public religion, worshipped as Iuppiter Optimus Maximus, best and greatest, in the great temple on the Capitoline Hill traditionally dedicated in 509 BC. The Ides of each month were sacred to him, and the Ludi Romani, the oldest of the Roman games, were held in his honor each September. Treaties, oaths, and the authority of the state were placed under his witness.

He shared the Capitoline temple with Juno and Minerva, the three together forming the Capitoline Triad.